We introduce and study a remarkable family of real probability measures $\pi_{st}$ that we call free Bessel laws. These are related to the free Poisson law $\pi$ via the formulae $\pi_{s1}=\pi^{\boxtimes s}$ and ${\pi_{1t}=\pi^{\boxplus t}}$. Our study includes definition and basic properties, analytic aspects (supports, atoms, densities), combinatorial aspects (functional transforms, moments, partitions), and a discussion of the relation with random matrices and quantum groups.

We investigate the number of integral solutions possessed by a pair of diagonal cubic equations in a large box. Provided that the number of variables in the system is at least fourteen, and in addition the number of variables in any non-trivial linear combination of the underlying forms is at least eight, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of integral solutions consistent with the product of local densities associated with the system.

Perelman established a differential Li--Yau--Hamilton (LYH) type inequality for fundamental solutions of the conjugate heat equation corresponding to the Ricci flow on compact manifolds. As an application of the LYH inequality, Perelman proved a pseudolocality result for the Ricci flow on compact manifolds. In this article we provide the details for the proofs of these results in the case of a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold. Using these results we prove that under certain conditions, a finite time singularity of the Ricci flow must form within a compact set. The conditions are satisfied by asymptotically flat manifolds. We also prove a long time existence result for the K\"ahler--Ricci flow on complete nonnegatively curved K\"ahler manifolds.

We give another proof of Vojta's $1+\varepsilon$ conjecture.

Reversibility of the Fleming--Viot process with mutation, selection, and recombination is well understood. In this paper, we study the reversibility of a system of Fleming--Viot processes that live on a countable number of colonies interacting with each other through migrations between the colonies. It is shown that reversibility fails when both migration and mutation are non-trivial.

Let $A_p(G)$ be the Figa-Talamanca, Herz Banach Algebra on $G$; thus $A_2(G)$ is the Fourier algebra. Strong Ditkin (SD) and Extremely Strong Ditkin (ESD) sets for the Banach algebras $A_p^r(G)$ are investigated for abelian and nonabelian locally compact groups $G$. It is shown that SD and ESD sets for $A_p(G)$ remain SD and ESD sets for $A_p^r(G)$, with strict inclusion for ESD sets. The case for the strict inclusion of SD sets is left open. A result on the weak sequential completeness of $A_2(F)$ for ESD sets $F$ is proved and used to show that Varopoulos, Helson, and Sidon sets are not ESD sets for $A_2(G)$, yet they are such for $A_2^r(G)$ for discrete groups $G$, for any $1\le r\le 2$. A result is given on the equivalence of the sequential and the net definitions of SD or ESD sets for $\sigma$-compact groups. The above results are new even if $G$ is abelian.

In this paper, we study the non-vanishing and transcendence of special values of a varying class of $L$-functions and their derivatives. This allows us to investigate the transcendence of Petersson norms of certain weight one modular forms.

We establish the asymptotic behaviour of the partition function, the heat content, the integrated eigenvalue counting function, and, for certain points, the on-diagonal heat kernel of generalized Sierpinski carpets. For all these functions the leading term is of the form $x^{\gamma}\phi(\log x)$ for a suitable exponent $\gamma$ and $\phi$ a periodic function. We also discuss similar results for the heat content of affine nested fractals.

We characterize the continuous $q$-ultraspherical polynomials in terms of the special form of the coefficients in the expansion $\mathcal{D}_q P_n(x)$ in the basis $\{P_n(x)\}$, $\mathcal{D}_q$ being the Askey--Wilson divided difference operator. The polynomials are assumed to be symmetric, and the connection coefficients are multiples of the reciprocal of the square of the $L^2$ norm of the polynomials. A similar characterization is given for the discrete $q$-ultraspherical polynomials. A new proof of the evaluation of the connection coefficients for big $q$-Jacobi polynomials is given.

Using standard transformation and summation formulas for basic hypergeometric series we obtain an explicit polynomial form of the $q$-analogue of the 9-$j$ symbols, introduced by the author in a recent publication. We also consider a limiting case in which the 9-$j$ symbol factors into two Hahn polynomials. The same factorization occurs in another limit case of the corresponding $q$-analogue.

In this paper we determine the limiting distributional behavior for sums of infinitesimal conditionally free random variables. We show that the weak convergence of classical convolution and that of conditionally free convolution are equivalent for measures in an infinitesimal triangular array, where the measures may have unbounded support. Moreover, we use these limit theorems to study the conditionally free infinite divisibility. These results are obtained by complex analytic methods without reference to the combinatorics of c-free convolution.

We prove the holomorphic continuation of certain multi-variable multiple zeta-functions whose coefficients satisfy a suitable recurrence condition. In fact, we introduce more general vectorial zeta-functions and prove their holomorphic continuation. Moreover, we show a vectorial sum formula among those vectorial zeta-functions from which some generalizations of the classical sum formula can be deduced.

In a previous paper the authors showed that, under some technical conditions, the local Galois representations attached to the members of a non-CM family of ordinary cusp forms are indecomposable for all except possibly finitely many members of the family. In this paper we use deformation theoretic methods to give examples of non-CM families for which every classical member of weight at least two has a locally indecomposable Galois representation.

Let $f$ be a normalized Hecke eigenform with rational integer Fourier coefficients. It is an interesting question to know how often an integer $n$ has a factor common with the $n$-th Fourier coefficient of $f$. It has been shown in previous papers that this happens very often. In this paper, we give an asymptotic formula for the number of integers $n$ for which $(n, a(n)) = 1$, where $a(n)$ is the $n$-th Fourier coefficient of a normalized Hecke eigenform $f$ of weight $2$ with rational integer Fourier coefficients and having complex multiplication.

In this paper we give a classification of discrete series for $SO(2n,F)$, $F$ $p$-adic, similar to that of Mœglin--Tadić for the other classical groups. This is obtained by taking the Mœglin--Tadić classification for $O(2n,F)$ and studying how the representations restrict to $SO(2n,F)$. We then extend this to an analysis of how admissible representations of $O(2n,F)$ restrict.

Let $A$ be an AI algebra; that is, $A$ is the $\mbox{C}^{*}$-algebra inductive limit of a sequence $$ A_{1}\stackrel{\phi_{1,2}}{\longrightarrow}A_{2}\stackrel{\phi_{2,3}}{\longrightarrow}A_{3} \longrightarrow\cdots\longrightarrow A_{n}\longrightarrow\cdots, $$ where $A_{n}=\bigoplus_{i=1}^{k_n}M_{[n,i]}(C(X^{i}_n))$, $X^{i}_n$ are $[0,1]$, $k_n$, and $[n,i]$ are positive integers. Suppose that $A$ has the ideal property: each closed two-sided ideal of $A$ is generated by the projections inside the ideal, as a closed two-sided ideal. In this article, we give a complete classification of AI algebras with the ideal property.

Certain polynomials in $n^2$ variables that serve as generating functions for symmetric group characters are sometimes called ($S_n$) character immanants. We point out a close connection between the identities of Littlewood--Merris--Watkins and Goulden--Jackson, which relate $S_n$ character immanants to the determinant, the permanent and MacMahon's Master Theorem. From these results we obtain a generalization of Muir's identity. Working with the quantum polynomial ring and the Hecke algebra $H_n(q)$, we define quantum immanants that are generating functions for Hecke algebra characters. We then prove quantum analogs of the Littlewood--Merris--Watkins identities and selected Goulden--Jackson identities that relate $H_n(q)$ character immanants to the quantum determinant, quantum permanent, and quantum Master Theorem of Garoufalidis--L\^e--Zeilberger. We also obtain a generalization of Zhang's quantization of Muir's identity.

Let $F$ be a non-separable LF-space homeomorphic to the direct sum $\sum_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \ell_2(\tau_n)$, where $\aleph_0 < \tau_1 < \tau_2 < \cdots$. It is proved that every open subset $U$ of $F$ is homeomorphic to the product $|K| \times F$ for some locally finite-dimensional simplicial complex $K$ such that every vertex $v \in K^{(0)}$ has the star $\operatorname{St}(v,K)$ with $\operatorname{card} \operatorname{St}(v,K)^{(0)} < \tau = \sup\tau_n$ (and $\operatorname{card} K^{(0)} \le \tau$), and, conversely, if $K$ is such a simplicial complex, then the product $|K| \times F$ can be embedded in $F$ as an open set, where $|K|$ is the polyhedron of $K$ with the metric topology.

We study classes of mappings between finite and infinite dimensional Banach spaces that are monotone and mappings which are differences of monotone mappings (DM). We prove a Radó-Reichelderfer estimate for monotone mappings in finite dimensional spaces that remains valid for DM mappings. This provides an alternative proof of the Fréchet differentiability a.e. of DM mappings. We establish a Morrey-type estimate for the distributional derivative of monotone mappings. We prove that a locally DM mapping between finite dimensional spaces is also globally DM. We introduce and study a new class of the so-called UDM mappings between Banach spaces, which generalizes the concept of curves of finite variation.

In this paper, we give several pictorial fractal representations of the ample or Kähler cone for surfaces in a certain class of $K3$ surfaces. The class includes surfaces described by smooth $(2,2,2)$ forms in ${\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^1}$ defined over a sufficiently large number field $K$ that have a line parallel to one of the axes and have Picard number four. We relate the Hausdorff dimension of this fractal to the asymptotic growth of orbits of curves under the action of the surface's group of automorphisms. We experimentally estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the fractal to be $1.296 \pm .010$.

Parallel to the first two authors' earlier classification of separable, unita one-parameter, continuous fields of Kirchberg algebras with torsion free $\mathrm{K}$-groups supported in one dimension, one-parameter, separable, uni continuous fields of AF-algebras are classified by their ordered $\mathrm{K}_0$-sheaves. Effros-Handelman-Shen type theorems are pr separable unital one-parameter continuous fields of AF-algebras and Kirchberg algebras.

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of best proximity points of cyclic contractions as well as the convergence of iterates to such proximity points. We take two different approaches, each one leading to different results that complete, if not improve, other similar results in the theory. Results in this paper stand for Banach spaces, geodesic metric spaces and metric spaces. We also include an appendix on CAT$(0)$ spaces where we study the particular behavior of these spaces regarding the problems we are concerned with.

In the paper, we introduce a new concept, topological orbit dimension of an $n$-tuple of elements in a unital C$^{\ast}$-algebra. Using this concept, we conclude that Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension of every finite family of self-adjoint generators of a nuclear C$^{\ast}$-algebra is less than or equal to $1$. We also show that the Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension is additive in the full free product of some unital C$^{\ast}$-algebras. We show that the unital full free product of Blackadar and Kirchberg's unital MF algebras is also an MF algebra. As an application, we obtain that $\mathop{\textrm{Ext}}(C_{r}^{\ast}(F_{2})\ast_{\mathbb{C}}C_{r}^{\ast}(F_{2}))$ is not a group.

We calculate reducibility for the representations of metaplectic groups induced from cuspidal representations of maximal parabolic subgroups via theta correspondence, in terms of the analogous representations of the odd orthogonal groups. We also describe the lifts of all relevant subquotients.

In this note we search the parameter space of Horrocks-Mumford quintic threefolds and locate a Calabi-Yau threefold that is modular, in the sense that the $L$-function of its middle-dimensional cohomology is associated with a classical modular form of weight 4 and level 55.

Let $S_{k}(\Gamma)$ be the space of holomorphic cusp forms of even integral weight $k$ for the full modular group. Let $\lambda_f(n)$ and $\lambda_g(n)$ be the $n$-th normalized Fourier coefficients of two holomorphic Hecke eigencuspforms $f(z), g(z) \in S_{k}(\Gamma)$, respectively. In this paper we are able to show the following results about higher moments of Fourier coefficients of holomorphic cusp forms. (i) For any $\varepsilon>0$, we have \begin{equation*} \sum_{n\leq x}\lambda_f^5(n) \ll_{f,\varepsilon}x^{\frac{15}{16}+\varepsilon} \quad\text{and}\quad\sum_{n\leq x}\lambda_f^7(n) \ll_{f,\varepsilon}x^{\frac{63}{64}+\varepsilon}. \end{equation*} (ii) If $\operatorname{sym}^3\pi_f \ncong \operatorname{sym}^3\pi_g$, then for any $\varepsilon>0$, we have \begin{equation*} \sum_{n \leq x}\lambda_f^3(n)\lambda_g^3(n)\ll_{f,\varepsilon}x^{\frac{31}{32}+\varepsilon}; \end{equation*} If $\operatorname{sym}^2\pi_f \ncong \operatorname{sym}^2\pi_g$, then for any $\varepsilon>0$, we have \[ \sum_{n \leq x}\lambda_f^4(n)\lambda_g^2(n)=cx\log x+c'x+O_{f,\varepsilon}\bigl(x^{\frac{31}{32}+\varepsilon}\bigr); \] If $\operatorname{sym}^2\pi_f \ncong \operatorname{sym}^2\pi_g$ and $\operatorname{sym}^4\pi_f \ncong \operatorname{sym}^4\pi_g$, then for any $\varepsilon>0$, we have \[ \sum_{n \leq x}\lambda_f^4(n)\lambda_g^4(n)=xP(\log x)+O_{f,\varepsilon}\bigl(x^{\frac{127}{128}+\varepsilon}\bigr), \] where $P(x)$ is a polynomial of degree $3$.

We set up a framework for computing the spectral dimension of a class of one-dimensional self-similar measures that are defined by iterated function systems with overlaps and satisfy a family of second-order self-similar identities. As applications of our result we obtain the spectral dimension of important measures such as the infinite Bernoulli convolution associated with the golden ratio and convolutions of Cantor-type measures. The main novelty of our result is that the iterated function systems we consider are not post-critically finite and do not satisfy the well-known open set condition.

A theory of higher rank multiresolution analysis is given in the setting of abelian multiscalings. This theory enables the construction, from a higher rank MRA, of finite wavelet sets whose multidilations have translates forming an orthonormal basis in $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$. While tensor products of uniscaled MRAs provide simple examples we construct many nonseparable higher rank wavelets. In particular we construct Latin square wavelets as rank~$2$ variants of Haar wavelets. Also we construct nonseparable scaling functions for rank $2$ variants of Meyer wavelet scaling functions, and we construct the associated nonseparable wavelets with compactly supported Fourier transforms. On the other hand we show that compactly supported scaling functions for biscaled MRAs are necessarily separable.

Let $X$ be a connected Riemannian manifold such that the resolvent of the free Laplacian $(\Delta-z)^{-1}$, $z\in\mathbb{C} \setminus \mathbb{R}^+$, has a meromorphic continuation through $\mathbb{R}^+$. The poles of this continuation are called resonances. When $X$ has some symmetries, we construct complex-valued potentials, $V$, such that the resolvent of $\Delta+V$, which has also a meromorphic continuation, has the same resonances with multiplicities as the free Laplacian.

The moduli space of smooth real binary octics has five connected components. They parametrize the real binary octics whose defining equations have $0,\dots,4$ complex-conjugate pairs of roots respectively. We show that each of these five components has a real hyperbolic structure in the sense that each is isomorphic as a real-analytic manifold to the quotient of an open dense subset of $5$-dimensional real hyperbolic space $\mathbb{RH}^5$ by the action of an arithmetic subgroup of $\operatorname{Isom}(\mathbb{RH}^5)$. These subgroups are commensurable to discrete hyperbolic reflection groups, and the Vinberg diagrams of the latter are computed.

We show that the multiplier algebra of the Fourier algebra on a locally compact group $G$ can be isometrically represented on a direct sum on non-commutative $L^p$ spaces associated with the right von Neumann algebra of $G$. The resulting image is the idealiser of the image of the Fourier algebra. If these spaces are given their canonical operator space structure, then we get a completely isometric representation of the completely bounded multiplier algebra. We make a careful study of the non-commutative $L^p$ spaces we construct and show that they are completely isometric to those considered recently by Forrest, Lee, and Samei. We improve a result of theirs about module homomorphisms. We suggest a definition of a Figa-Talamanca-Herz algebra built out of these non-commutative $L^p$ spaces, say $A_p(\widehat G)$. It is shown that $A_2(\widehat G)$ is isometric to $L^1(G)$, generalising the abelian situation.

The $j$-function acts as a parametrization of the classical modular curve. Its values at complex multiplication (CM) points are called singular moduli and are algebraic integers. A Shimura curve is a generalization of the modular curve and, if the Shimura curve has genus~$0$, a rational parameterizing function exists and when evaluated at a CM point is again algebraic over~$\mathbf{Q}$. This paper shows that the coordinate maps given by N.~Elkies for the Shimura curves associated to the quaternion algebras with discriminants $6$ and $10$ are Borcherds lifts of vector-valued modular forms. This property is then used to explicitly compute the rational norms of singular moduli on these curves. This method not only verifies conjectural values for the rational CM points, but also provides a way of algebraically calculating the norms of CM points with arbitrarily large negative discriminant.

We characterize the compactness of linear combinations of analytic composition operators on the Bloch space. We also study their boundedness and compactness on the little Bloch space.

Speyer and Sturmfels associated Gröbner toric degenerations $\mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^n)^{\mathcal{T}}$ of $\mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^n)$ with each trivalent tree $\mathcal{T}$ having $n$ leaves. These degenerations induce toric degenerations $M_{\mathbf{r}}^{\mathcal{T}}$ of $M_{\mathbf{r}}$, the space of $n$ ordered, weighted (by $\mathbf{r}$) points on the projective line. Our goal in this paper is to give a geometric (Euclidean polygon) description of the toric fibers and describe the action of the compact part of the torus as "bendings of polygons". We prove the conjecture of Foth and Hu that the toric fibers are homeomorphic to the spaces defined by Kamiyama and Yoshida.

We construct a generalization of Courant algebroids that are classified by the third cohomology group $H^3(A,V)$, where $A$ is a Lie Algebroid, and $V$ is an $A$-module. We see that both Courant algebroids and $\mathcal{E}^1(M)$ structures are examples of them. Finally we introduce generalized CR structures on a manifold, which are a generalization of generalized complex structures, and show that every CR structure and contact structure is an example of a generalized CR structure.

We prove a uniform control as $ z \rightarrow 0 $ for the resolvent $ (P-z)^{-1} $ of long range perturbations $ P $ of the Euclidean Laplacian in divergence form by combining positive commutator estimates and properties of Riesz transforms. These estimates hold in dimension $d \geq 3 $ when $ P $ is defined on $ \mathbb{R}^d $ and in dimension $ d \geq 2 $ when $ P $ is defined outside a compact obstacle with Dirichlet boundary conditions.

In this paper we study genus $2$ curves whose Jacobians admit a polarized $(4,4)$-isogeny to a product of elliptic curves. We consider base fields of characteristic different from $2$ and $3$, which we do not assume to be algebraically closed. We obtain a full classification of all principally polarized abelian surfaces that can arise from gluing two elliptic curves along their $4$-torsion, and we derive the relation their absolute invariants satisfy. As an intermediate step, we give a general description of Richelot isogenies between Jacobians of genus $2$ curves, where previously only Richelot isogenies with kernels that are pointwise defined over the base field were considered. Our main tool is a Galois theoretic characterization of genus $2$ curves admitting multiple Richelot isogenies.

Every holomorphic function on a compact subset of a Riemann surface can be uniformly approximated by partial sums of a given series of functions. Those functions behave locally like the classical fundamental solutions of the Cauchy-Riemann operator in the plane.

If $\Phi_\lambda$ is a master function corresponding to a hyperplane arrangement $\mathcal A$ and a collection of weights $\lambda$, we investigate the relationship between the critical set of $\Phi_\lambda$, the variety defined by the vanishing of the one-form $\omega_\lambda=\operatorname{d} \log \Phi_\lambda$, and the resonance of $\lambda$. For arrangements satisfying certain conditions, we show that if $\lambda$ is resonant in dimension $p$, then the critical set of $\Phi_\lambda$ has codimension at most $p$. These include all free arrangements and all rank $3$ arrangements.

We analyze flat $S_3$-covers of schemes, attempting to create structures parallel to those found in the abelian and triple cover theories. We use an initial local analysis as a guide in finding a global description.

For a maximal torus in a quasi-split semi-simple simply-connected group over a local field of characteristic $0$, Langlands and Shelstad constructed a cohomological invariant called the splitting invariant, which is an important component of their endoscopic transfer factors. We study this invariant in the case of a split real group and prove a decomposition theorem which expresses this invariant for a general torus as a product of the corresponding invariants for simple tori. We also show how this reduction formula allows for the comparison of splitting invariants between different tori in the given real group.

Let $G$ be the $F$-rational points of the symplectic group $Sp_{2n}$, where $F$ is a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic $0$. Cogdell, Kim, Piatetski-Shapiro, and Shahidi constructed local Langlands functorial lifting from irreducible generic representations of $G$ to irreducible representations of $GL_{2n+1}(F)$. Jiang and Soudry constructed the descent map from irreducible supercuspidal representations of $GL_{2n+1}(F)$ to those of $G$, showing that the local Langlands functorial lifting from the irreducible supercuspidal generic representations is surjective. In this paper, based on above results, using the same descent method of studying $SO_{2n+1}$ as Jiang and Soudry, we will show the rest of local Langlands functorial lifting is also surjective, and for any local Langlands parameter $\phi \in \Phi(G)$, we construct a representation $\sigma$ such that $\phi$ and $\sigma$ have the same twisted local factors. As one application, we prove the $G$-case of a conjecture of Gross-Prasad and Rallis, that is, a local Langlands parameter $\phi \in \Phi(G)$ is generic, i.e., the representation attached to $\phi$ is generic, if and only if the adjoint $L$-function of $\phi$ is holomorphic at $s=1$. As another application, we prove for each Arthur parameter $\psi$, and the corresponding local Langlands parameter $\phi_{\psi}$, the representation attached to $\phi_{\psi}$ is generic if and only if $\phi_{\psi}$ is tempered.

When $F$ is a $p$-adic field, and $G={\mathbb G}(F)$ is the group of $F$-rational points of a connected algebraic $F$-group, the complex vector space ${\mathcal H}(G)$ of compactly supported locally constant distributions on $G$ has a natural convolution product that makes it into a ${\mathbb C}$-algebra (without an identity) called the Hecke algebra. The Hecke algebra is a partial analogue for $p$-adic groups of the enveloping algebra of a Lie group. However, $\mathcal{H}(G)$ has drawbacks such as the lack of an identity element, and the process $G \mapsto \mathcal{H}(G)$ is not a functor. Bernstein introduced an enlargement $\mathcal{H}\,\hat{\,}(G)$ of $\mathcal{H}(G)$. The algebra $\mathcal{H}\,\hat{\,} (G)$ consists of the distributions that are left essentially compact. We show that the process $G \mapsto \mathcal{H}\,\hat{\,} (G)$ is a functor. If $\tau \colon G \rightarrow H$ is a morphism of $p$-adic groups, let $F(\tau) \colon \mathcal{H}\,\hat{\,} (G) \rightarrow \mathcal{H}\,\hat{\,} (H)$ be the morphism of $\mathbb{C}$-algebras. We identify the kernel of $F(\tau)$ in terms of $\textrm{Ker}(\tau)$. In the setting of $p$-adic Lie algebras, with $\mathfrak{g}$ a reductive Lie algebra, $\mathfrak{m}$ a Levi, and $\tau \colon \mathfrak{g} \to \mathfrak{m}$ the natural projection, we show that $F(\tau)$ maps $G$-invariant distributions on $\mathcal{G}$ to $N_G (\mathfrak{m})$-invariant distributions on $\mathfrak{m}$. Finally, we exhibit a natural family of $G$-invariant essentially compact distributions on $\mathfrak{g}$ associated with a $G$-invariant non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form on ${\mathfrak g}$ and in the case of $SL(2)$ show how certain members of the family can be moved to the group.

We inspect the relationship between relative Fourier multipliers on noncommutative Lebesgue-Orlicz spaces of a discrete group $\varGamma$ and relative Toeplitz-Schur multipliers on Schatten-von-Neumann-Orlicz classes. Four applications are given: lacunary sets, unconditional Schauder bases for the subspace of a Lebesgue space determined by a given spectrum $\varLambda\subseteq\varGamma$, the norm of the Hilbert transform and the Riesz projection on Schatten-von-Neumann classes with exponent a power of 2, and the norm of Toeplitz Schur multipliers on Schatten-von-Neumann classes with exponent less than 1.

The non-archimedean power series spaces, $A_1(a)$ and $A_\infty(b)$, are the best known and most important examples of non-archimedean nuclear Fréchet spaces. We prove that the range of every continuous linear map from $A_p(a)$ to $A_q(b)$ has a Schauder basis if either $p=1$ or $p=\infty$ and the set $M_{b,a}$ of all bounded limit points of the double sequence $(b_i/a_j)_{i,j\in\mathbb{N}}$ is bounded. It follows that every complemented subspace of a power series space $A_p(a)$ has a Schauder basis if either $p=1$ or $p=\infty$ and the set $M_{a,a}$ is bounded.

We rigorously study the resonant tunneling of fast solitons through large potential barriers for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Our approach covers the case of general nonlinearities, both local and Hartree (nonlocal).

The similar sublattices of a planar lattice can be classified via its multiplier ring. The latter is the ring of rational integers in the generic case, and an order in an imaginary quadratic field otherwise. Several classes of examples are discussed, with special emphasis on concrete results. In particular, we derive Dirichlet series generating functions for the number of distinct similar sublattices of a given index, and relate them to zeta functions of orders in imaginary quadratic fields.

W. Casselman defined a basis $f_u$ of Iwahori fixed vectors of a spherical representation $(\pi, V)$ of a split semisimple $p$-adic group $G$ over a nonarchimedean local field $F$ by the condition that it be dual to the intertwining operators, indexed by elements $u$ of the Weyl group $W$. On the other hand, there is a natural basis $\psi_u$, and one seeks to find the transition matrices between the two bases. Thus, let $f_u = \sum_v \tilde{m} (u, v) \psi_v$ and $\psi_u = \sum_v m (u, v) f_v$. Using the Iwahori-Hecke algebra we prove that if a combinatorial condition is satisfied, then $m (u, v) = \prod_{\alpha} \frac{1 - q^{- 1} \mathbf{z}^{\alpha}}{1 -\mathbf{z}^{\alpha}}$, where $\mathbf z$ are the Langlands parameters for the representation and $\alpha$ runs through the set $S (u, v)$ of positive coroots $\alpha \in \hat{\Phi}$ (the dual root system of $G$) such that $u \leqslant v r_{\alpha} < v$ with $r_{\alpha}$ the reflection corresponding to $\alpha$. The condition is conjecturally always satisfied if $G$ is simply-laced and the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial $P_{w_0 v, w_0 u} = 1$ with $w_0$ the long Weyl group element. There is a similar formula for $\tilde{m}$ conjecturally satisfied if $P_{u, v} = 1$. This leads to various combinatorial conjectures.

An abstract polytope of rank $n$ is said to be chiral if its automorphism group has precisely two orbits on the flags, such that adjacent flags belong to distinct orbits. This paper describes a general method for deriving new finite chiral polytopes from old finite chiral polytopes of the same rank. In particular, the technique is used to construct many new examples in ranks $3$, $4$, and $5$.

Ramanujan famously found congruences like $p(5n+4)\equiv 0 \operatorname{mod} 5$ for the partition function. We provide a method to find all simple congruences of this type in the coefficients of the inverse of a modular form on $\Gamma_{1}(4)$ that is non-vanishing on the upper half plane. This is applied to answer open questions about the (non)-existence of congruences in the generating functions for overpartitions, crank differences, and 2-colored $F$-partitions.

A diagonal ind-group is a direct limit of classical affine algebraic groups of growing rank under a class of inclusions that contains the inclusion $$ SL(n)\to SL(2n), \quad M\mapsto \begin{pmatrix}M & 0 \\ 0 & M \end{pmatrix} $$ as a typical special case. If $G$ is a diagonal ind-group and $B\subset G$ is a Borel ind-subgroup, we consider the ind-variety $G/B$ and compute the cohomology $H^\ell(G/B,\mathcal{O}_{-\lambda})$ of any $G$-equivariant line bundle $\mathcal{O}_{-\lambda}$ on $G/B$. It has been known that, for a generic $\lambda$, all cohomology groups of $\mathcal{O}_{-\lambda}$ vanish, and that a non-generic equivariant line bundle $\mathcal{O}_{-\lambda}$ has at most one nonzero cohomology group. The new result of this paper is a precise description of when $H^j(G/B,\mathcal{O}_{-\lambda})$ is nonzero and the proof of the fact that, whenever nonzero, $H^j(G/B, \mathcal{O}_{-\lambda})$ is a $G$-module dual to a highest weight module. The main difficulty is in defining an appropriate analog $W_B$ of the Weyl group, so that the action of $W_B$ on weights of $G$ is compatible with the analog of the Demazure ``action" of the Weyl group on the cohomology of line bundles. The highest weight corresponding to $H^j(G/B, \mathcal{O}_{-\lambda})$ is then computed by a procedure similar to that in the classical Bott-Borel-Weil theorem.

In this paper, we investigate a conjecture due to S. and P. Chowla and its generalization by Milnor. These are related to the delicate question of non-vanishing of $L$-functions associated to periodic functions at integers greater than $1$. We report on some progress in relation to these conjectures. In a different vein, we link them to a conjecture of Zagier on multiple zeta values and also to linear independence of polylogarithms.

This paper gives a characterization of homotopy fibres of inverse image maps on groupoids of torsors that are induced by geometric morphisms, in terms of both pointed torsors and pointed cocycles, suitably defined. Cocycle techniques are used to give a complete description of such fibres, when the underlying geometric morphism is the canonical stalk on the classifying topos of a profinite group $G$. If the torsors in question are defined with respect to a constant group $H$, then the path components of the fibre can be identified with the set of continuous maps from the profinite group $G$ to the group $H$. More generally, when $H$ is not constant, this set of path components is the set of continuous maps from a pro-object in sheaves of groupoids to $H$, which pro-object can be viewed as a ``Grothendieck fundamental groupoid".

Let $\mathfrak{g}=\bigoplus_{i\in\mathbb{Z}} \mathfrak{g}_i$ be an infinite-dimensional graded Lie algebra, with $\dim\mathfrak{g}_i<\infty$, equipped with a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form $B$ of degree $0$. The quantum Weil algebra $\widehat{\mathcal{W}}\mathfrak{g}$ is a completion of the tensor product of the enveloping and Clifford algebras of $\mathfrak{g}$. Provided that the Kac-Peterson class of $\mathfrak{g}$ vanishes, one can construct a cubic Dirac operator $\mathcal{D}\in\widehat{\mathcal{W}}(\mathfrak{g})$, whose square is a quadratic Casimir element. We show that this condition holds for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. Extending Kostant's arguments, one obtains generalized Weyl-Kac character formulas for suitable ``equal rank'' Lie subalgebras of Kac-Moody algebras. These extend the formulas of G. Landweber for affine Lie algebras.

Generalized étale homotopy pro-groups $\pi_1^{\operatorname{ét}}(ċ{C}, x)$ associated with pointed, connected, small Grothendieck sites $(\mathcal{C}, x)$ are defined, and their relationship to Galois theory and the theory of pointed torsors for discrete groups is explained. <br> Applications include new rigorous proofs of some folklore results around $\pi_1^{\operatorname{ét}}(ét(X), x)$, a description of Grothendieck's short exact sequence for Galois descent in terms of pointed torsor trivializations, and a new étale van Kampen theorem that gives a simple statement about a pushout square of pro-groups that works for covering families that do not necessarily consist exclusively of monomorphisms. A corresponding van Kampen result for Grothendieck's profinite groups $\pi_1^{\mathrm{Gal}}$ immediately follows.

We throw some light on the question: is there a MAD family (a maximal family of infinite subsets of $\mathbb{N}$, the intersection of any two is finite) that is saturated (completely separable i.e., any $X \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ is included in a finite union of members of the family or includes a member (and even continuum many members) of the family). We prove that it is hard to prove the consistency of the negation: (i) if $2^{\aleph_0} \lt \aleph_\omega$, then there is such a family; (ii) if there is no such family, then some situation related to pcf holds whose consistency is large (and if ${\mathfrak a}_* \gt \aleph_1$ even unknown); (iii) if, e.g., there is no inner model with measurables, then there is such a family.